Selank: an anxiolytic peptide

This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the anxiolytic properties of Selank, a synthetic heptapeptide based on the native sequence of the tuftsin peptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) with a three-amino-acid extension (Pro-Gly-Pro) to increase metabolic stability. Developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Selank was approved in Russia as an intranasal anxiolytic.

The review covers multiple mechanisms of action of Selank:

• Modulation of the GABAergic system, enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission without sedative effects
• Influence on the serotonergic system, with modulation of serotonin metabolism and its metabolites
• Effects on the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems
• Modulation of gene expression involved in the stress response

A notable characteristic of Selank is its superior safety profile compared to traditional benzodiazepines. The peptide demonstrated anxiolytic effects without causing sedation, dependence, or withdrawal syndrome, which are significant limitations of conventional anxiolytics.

Beyond central effects, Selank demonstrated significant immunomodulatory properties, including modulation of cytokine expression and immune cell function. This dual action — anxiolytic and immunomodulatory — is particularly relevant considering the bidirectional relationship between stress, anxiety, and immune function. The article discusses Selank's potential as a therapeutic alternative for anxiety disorders requiring prolonged treatment without the risks associated with benzodiazepines.