LL-37
Also known as: CAP-18, Catelicidina
Molecular Identifiers
Overview
Human antimicrobial peptide from the cathelicidin family, composed of 37 amino acids. Derived from the hCAP-18 precursor (Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein), it is naturally produced by neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells. Has a molecular weight of approximately 4,493.33 Da and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and biofilms.
LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES Leu-Leu-Gly-Asp-Phe-Phe-Arg-Lys-Ser-Lys-Glu-Lys-Ile-Gly-Lys-Glu-Phe-Lys-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Arg-Ile-Lys-Asp-Phe-Leu-Arg-Asn-Leu-Val-Pro-Arg-Thr-Glu-Ser Half-life
~4-6 hours
Administration Route
Subcutaneous
Category
Healing & Recovery
Mechanism of Action
- Broad-spectrum antimicrobial action through disruption of microbial membranes
- Immunomodulation via recruitment and activation of immune cells
- Promotion of wound healing and tissue repair
- Disruption of bacterial biofilms
- Modulation of inflammatory response via formyl peptide receptors
Dosage Protocol
Data compiled from the literature. This does not constitute medical advice.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Dose | 50-200 mcg per injection |
| Frequency | Once daily |
| Timing | Morning |
| Duration | 2-4 weeks |
Reported Side Effects
Adverse effects described in the literature. Severity and frequency vary between individuals.
- Pain at injection site
- Redness
- Local edema
- Transient fever (rare)
Presentations & Preparation
Vials of LL-37 found in the research market:
Reconstitution
- Diluent: Bacteriostatic water
- Volume: 1-2 ml per 5 mg vial
- Inject the diluent slowly against the vial wall
- Gently swirl until fully dissolved
- Never shake
Storage
- Lyophilized: Refrigerated 2-8°C
- Reconstituted: Refrigerated 2-8°C (up to 30 days)
- Protect from direct light
- Do not freeze after reconstitution
Scientific Studies
Published studies on LL-37.
The cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide LL-37 is involved in re-epithelialization of human skin wounds and is lacking in chronic ulcer epithelium
Heilborn JD, Nilsson MF, Kratz G, Weber G, Sørensen O, Borregaard N, Ståhle-Bäckdahl M
In vitro and in vivo wound healing-promoting activities of human cathelicidin LL-37
Carretero M, Escámez MJ, García M, Duarte B, Holguín A, Retamosa L, Jorcano JL, Del Río M, Larcher F
Treatment with LL-37 is safe and effective in enhancing healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Grönberg A, Mahlapuu M, Ståhle M, Whately-Smith C, Rollman O
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